布鲁氏菌M5-90△WboA基因缺失株的构建及免疫效果的初步评价

为获得毒力较弱并能区分自然感染和疫苗免疫的布鲁氏菌候选疫苗株,本研究用PCR方法扩增WboA基因的上下游同源臂序列,构建重组质粒pGEM-7zf-△WboA-Sac,电转化布鲁氏菌M5-90感受态细胞,筛选布鲁氏菌疫苗株M5-90的WboA基因缺失株,并对获得的M5-90△WboA遗传稳定性、毒力、免疫保护性、抗体水平等指标进行检测.实验结果表明M5-90△WboA株的毒力比M5-90株明显减弱,差异极显著(p＜0.01),体液免疫和细胞免疫结果表明M5-90△WboA株与亲本M5-90株相比差异不显著(p＜0.05),M5-90△WboA株和亲本株的保护率分别为10％和20％,表明M5-90△WboA株与M5-90株具有相似的保护性.凝集试验和western blot试验显示M5-90△WboA株免疫小鼠的血清反应结果为阴性.本研究构建的布鲁氏菌基因缺失株M5-90△WboA具有较好的遗传稳定性,毒力比亲本株更弱,免疫保护性与亲本株相当,并能以血清学检测方法区分野毒株感染和缺失疫苗株免疫的动物.     

布鲁氏菌诊断学研究进展

布鲁氏菌病是一种人兽共患传染性疾病,分布广泛,严重威胁公共卫生事业和畜牧业的发展,布鲁氏菌的诊断是防控该疫病的关键。本文对细菌学、常规免疫学、酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）、免疫胶体金层析法（GICA）、荧光偏振法（FPA）、聚合酶链式反应（PCR）和基因探针等布鲁氏菌检测技术及其优缺点和应用现状进行综述,并对诊断技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

畜间布鲁菌病的诊断方法与防控措施

布鲁菌病（brucellosis）是由布鲁茵（Brucella）引起的一种人畜共患传染病，给畜牧业发展和人类健康带来严重危害。主要对布鲁菌病的病原学和血清学诊断方法以及防控措施作一介绍。以期为布鲁茵病的相关研究提供参考。     

Genomic Tandem Repeat Analysis Proves Laboratory‐Acquired Brucellosis in Veterinary (Camel) Diagnostic Laboratory in the United Arab Emirates

We report a case of a 64‐year‐old veterinarian working in a state camel veterinary laboratory who was diagnosed with and treated for acute brucellosis with complicating epididymo‐orchitis. Genomic tandem repeat analysis (MLVA‐16) revealed identical Brucella strains in patient cultures and from different dromedary milk samples positive for Brucella melitensis, thereby confirming the diagnosis of a laboratory acquired infection. The case illustrates the high (airborne) infectivity of brucellosis in laboratory settings and the need to implement vigorous bio‐safety measures in veterinary laboratories handling camel specimen diagnostic veterinary laboratory.     

Outbreak of Brucellosis in Domestic Elk in Korea

Seven of 18 elk on a deer farm were found by the official Rose‐Bengal agglutination test (RBT) and tube agglutination test to be brucellosis reactors/suspects. Evaluation with the competitive ELISA (C‐ELISA) and the fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) tests revealed that six and five sera were positive respectively. The seven reactors/ suspects were slaughtered and their blood and tissues were collected. Brucella species could be isolated from three of the slaughtered animals, with nine isolates being obtained from the popliteal, supramammary and submandibular lymph nodes, vaginal discharge, mammary tissue and spleen. Brucella genus‐specific PCR based on 16S rRNA and AMOS‐PCR, which is specific for differential Brucella species, revealed that all nine isolates were Brucella abortus. These nine were further confirmed to be B. abortus biovar 1 by classical biotyping scheme assays. This is the first report of an outbreak of brucellosis in domestic elk in Korea. Our observations suggest that deer should be included in the routine Brucella surveillance programme for the effective control and prevention of brucellosis in Korea.     

羊种布鲁氏菌Wzt基因的克隆及原核表达

为进一步研究Wzt蛋白在光滑型脂多糖合成路径中的作用,本试验利用PCR技术,以羊种布鲁氏菌16 M株基因组为模板,扩增出大小为759 bp的Wzt基因片段,将其连入pMD20-T载体,测序正确后构建重组质粒pET-28a-Wzt,转化E.coli BL21(DE3)工程菌,IPTG诱导其表达,最后用Western blotting鉴定蛋白。结果显示,扩增出的Wzt基因片段大小为759 bp,与GenBank中登录的羊种布鲁氏菌16 M株Wzt基因序列(登录号:AF047478.1)同源性为99.87%,证明成功克隆了Wzt基因,同时成功构建了pET-28a-Wzt原核表达载体,并在E.coli BL21(DE3)工程菌中表达了Wzt蛋白,诱导得到的融合蛋白大小约为30 ku,位于25～35 ku之间,与目的蛋白大小一致,结果表明成功表达了目的基因。     

一株中等毒力牛种布鲁氏菌的鉴定和毒力测定

【目的】对初步鉴定的牛种布鲁氏菌分离株（B. abortus 343）进行全面的生物学特性检定,为深入研究布鲁氏菌病提供参考菌株。【方法】将B. abortus 343划线培养及梯度稀释,使其形成单个菌落,观察菌落形态。挑取单个菌落进行革兰氏染色和柯氏染色,观察其染色特点;分别接种1.5×106 CFU到含硫瑾（1﹕25 000）或含碱性复红（1﹕25 000）的TSA平板上,观察其生长状态;将接种有B. abortus 343的TSA平板分别置于普通培养箱和CO2培养箱37℃培养72 h,观察其对CO2的依赖性;通过醋酸铅试纸条测定B. abortus 343代谢过程中是否释放H2S。通过平板凝集试验测定布鲁氏菌单相特异性血清（ 牛种布鲁氏菌单因子血清A、羊种布鲁氏菌单因子血清M 和 布鲁氏菌粗糙型血清R ）与B. abortus 343抗原的反应性;利用布鲁氏菌AMOS-PCR种属分型等方法对B. abortus 343进行了PCR种属特性鉴定;将B. abortus 343免疫小鼠,分别测定其抗血清与光滑型和粗糙型抗原的反应性;通过小鼠和豚鼠感染试验,全面评价该分离株的毒力;分别以1×105 CFU感染6周龄Balb/c小鼠,测定B. abortus 343在小鼠体内存活时间;以1×109 CFU感染Hartley豚鼠,2周后测定试验豚鼠每克脾脏含菌量;分别以10 000、1 000、100、25 CFU/只4种不同剂量感染豚鼠,初步测定分离株对豚鼠的最小感染量（MID）,在此基础上,进一步以40、60和90 CFU/只测定MID。【结果】分离株B. abortus 343 为光滑型牛种布鲁氏菌,菌落逆光观察微带蓝绿色乳光;革兰氏染色为阴性,柯氏染色为红色,H2S试验阳性。该菌能在含硫瑾和碱性复红的培养基上生长,不依赖于CO2。B. abortus 343抗原能与A因子血清呈明显凝集反应,免疫小鼠后能产生特异性抗体。以1×105 CFU感染6周龄Balb/c小鼠,可在小鼠体内存活29周;以1×109 CFU感染350-400 g雌性豚鼠,14 d后豚鼠每克脾脏含菌量2.4×105-1.2×106;以1×105 CFU感染豚鼠1个月后,所有试验豚鼠均能产生特异性光滑型抗体,试管凝集效价为320-1 280;B. abortus 343对豚鼠的最小感染量约为40 CFU。【结论】鉴定了一株中等毒力牛种布鲁氏菌（B. abortus 343）,为深入研究布鲁氏菌病提供了参考菌株,丰富了布鲁氏菌菌种资源。     

Serological analysis of Chlamydophila abortus in Australian sheep and implications for the rejection of breeder sheep for export

Objective   To examine the incidence of positive results in a complement fixation test (CFT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Chlamydophila abortus in Australian sheep and how this incidence differs with state of origin, age, sex, breed and property. To examine the consequences in relation to rejection of breeder sheep for export.
Design   Collection of blood samples from 891 sheep on 109 properties in southern Australia. All samples had a unique, coded property identification.
Procedure   The samples were tested using the Institut Pourquier Chlamydophila abortus antibody ELISA (rELISA) and a CFT. Residual maximum likelihood analyses of the sample to positive ratio of the corrected optical density for the rELISA and generalised linear mixed model analyses of the CFT outcomes were carried out.
Results   The sample to positive ratio of the corrected optical density values of the rELISA did not differ between sex, age, breed or state of origin, but differed greatly between properties. The CFT outcome did not differ between age, breed or state of origin, but differed greatly between properties and was more often positive with rams than with ewes.
Conclusion   Positive outcomes to C. abortus antibody tests are very common in Australia. Rams have a particularly high incidence of positive results with the CFT. Rejection of sheep and property consignments is likely to be very common with all tests and situations examined except for the CFT (at 1:32 dilution) in ewes.     

布氏杆菌L7/L12和OMP31基因克隆及融合表达

本研究根据已经发表的布氏杆菌基因序列,选择种间序列极为保守的保护性抗原L7/L12、OMP31基因,依此进行PCR扩增,利用引物上设计好的限制性内切酶酶切位点进行基因重组,构建了PME290-SDLOmp高效表达载体,并转化绿脓杆菌(PAK/2pfs),通过培养得到了表达产物,对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE和Western Blot鉴定,结果符合预期。本项研究为进一步开展布氏杆菌亚单位疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

两种布鲁氏菌弱毒株侵染小鼠巨噬细胞过程的荧光表征及分析

通过对绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）布鲁氏菌弱菌株M5（GFP-M5）和S19（GFP-S19）侵染小鼠巨噬细胞（RAW264.7）及对其与胞内溶酶体、内质网、高尔基体初次结合所用时间进行测定,探讨分析两种布鲁氏菌弱毒株侵染小鼠巨噬细胞过程的荧光表征。将GFP-M5和GFP-S19分不同时间段分别侵染RAW264.7,利用激光共聚焦和流式细胞仪观察和检测。结果显示,GFP-M5和GFP-S19均构建成功。布鲁氏菌M5和S19及GFP-M5和GFP-S19侵染RAW264.7后胞内生存能力无明显差异。GFP-M5和GFP-S19侵染30 min后均已进入小鼠巨噬细胞,2 h分别到达溶酶体、内质网和高尔基体。而两种弱毒株在1、2、3、4 h与各细胞器结合率相近。流式细胞仪检测结果显示,GFP-M5和GFP-S19侵染RAW264.7的GFP⁺细胞含量无显著差异（P>0.05）。结果提示,两种弱毒株在侵染进入宿主细胞的初期及侵袭能力并没有明显差异。